EXPOSITION DES PORTEURS D'IMPLANTS MÉDICAUX ACTIFS À ÉMISSIONS ÉLECTROMAGNÉTIQUES DES SYSTÈMES DE TRANSFERT D'ÉNERGIE SANS FIL
Mots-clés :
Dispositifs médicaux implantables actifs (DMAI), Transfert de puissance sans fil (WPT), Champ électromagnétique (EMF), Interférences électromagnétiques (EMI), Fréquence intermédiaire, Champ de fuite magnétiqueRésumé
Les personnes possédant des dispositifs médicaux implantables actifs constituent aujourd'hui une catégorie en pleine croissance, en raison de l'augmentation des interventions de soins de santé qui remplacent ou corrigent les déficiences physiologiques par des solutions médicales artificielles intelligentes. Ces appareils sont construits avec des circuits électroniques, sensibles aux interférences électromagnétiques qui pourraient affecter leur bon fonctionnement et pourraient causer une gêne ou même des dommages à la santé du patient. La fabrication de dispositifs médicaux est réglementée depuis des décennies par des normes techniques internationales (telles que la série IEC 60601-1-2 ou ANSI / AAMI PC69), y compris les conditions d'immunité ; cependant, une attention doit toujours être portée à l'évaluation continue de l'environnement électromagnétique enrichi des nouvelles technologies, afin d'harmoniser la sensibilité des dispositifs de soins de santé et les conditions possibles d'exposition humaine non contrôlée. Dans ce contexte, les auteurs présentent une tentative d'évaluation de la protection actuelle offerte aux porteurs de dispositifs implantables dans l'environnement électromagnétique propre aux véhicules électriques modernes et notamment à ceux utilisant des systèmes de transfert d'énergie sans fil pour la charge de la batterie, en raison du champ de fuite magnétique. Ces conditions d'exposition spécifiques et ces réglementations particulières sont étudiées et comparées à certaines évaluations réalisées sur le véhicule électrique Dacia Electron.
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