AN EFFICIENT CONTROL APPROACH OF VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY REGULATION IN AN AUTONOMOUS MICROGRID
Keywords:
Microgrid, Islanded operations, Distributed generation, Fuzzy logic and proportional-integral (PI) controllerAbstract
The sustainable development of a nation is highly dependent on remote area electrification, which consists of a majorly decentralized type of load. To fulfill such energy demands, the microgrid is the emerging alternative that utilizes distributed energy sources. Microgrid performance parameters like voltage-frequency regulation, dynamic and steady-state response become very important when it is operating in islanded mode or under load change conditions. In this paper, an improved efficient power control strategy, based on fuzzy gain scheduling of the conventional proportional-integral controller (FGSPI), is proposed for voltage-frequency control in an inverter-based distributed generation unit. The simulation results of the proposed control strategy are compared with the conventional PI controller under aforesaid conditions. The simulation responses show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy to restore the stability of the microgrid even in islanded conditions. The intelligent and smooth operation of the proposed controller shows better robust performance than the traditional controller in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
References
(1) G. Chen, F. L. Lewis, E. N. Feng, Y. Song, Distributed optimal active power control of multiple generation systems, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 62, 11, pp. 7079–7090 (2015).
(2) Y. Lim, H. Kim, Strategic bidding using reinforcement learning for load shedding in MG, Computer and Electrical Engineering, 40, 5, pp. 1439–1446 (2014).
(3) R. C. Bansal, Bibliography on fuzzy sett theory application to power systems, IEEE Transaction on Power System, 18, 4, pp. 1291–1299 (2003).
(4) J. Peter, M. S. KP, L. R, L. Ramchand, Nearly constant switching space vector-based hysteresis controller for VSI fed IM drive, IEEE Transaction on Industry Application, 54, 4, pp. 3360–3371 (2018).
(5) W. Li, X. Zhang, Simulation of the smart grid communications: Challenges, techniques, and future trends, Computers and Electrical Engineering, 40, 1, pp. 270–288 (2014).
(6) Y. Mohamed, New Control Algorithms for the Distributed Generation Interface in Grid-connected and Micro-grid Systems, Ph.D. thesis University of Waterloo, Ontario – Canada, 2008, p. 87–115.
(7) C. C. Lee, Fuzzy logic in control systems: fuzzy logic controller Part I, IEEE Transaction on System, Man Cybernetics, 20, 2, pp. 404–418 (1990).
(8) G. J. Castillo, F. J. M. Rodriguez, C. R. Casas, J. C. Hernandez, G. M. Tina, Monitoring PWM signals in standalone photovoltaic systems, Measurement, 134, 4, pp. 412–425 (2019).
(9) J. A. P. Lopes, C. L. Moreira, A. G. Madureira, Defining control strategies for MGs islanded operation, IEEE Transaction on Power System, 21, 2, pp. 916–924 (2006).
(10) B. Awad, J. Wu, N. Jenkins, Control of distributed generation, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, 125, 12, pp. 409–414 (2008).
(11) H. Bevrani, S. Shokoohi, An intelligent droop control for simultaneous voltage and frequency regulation in islanded MGs, IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid, 4, 3, pp. 1505–1513 (2013).
(12) H. Bevrani, F. Habibi, P. Babahajyani, M. Watanabe, Y. Mitani, Intelligent frequency control in an AC MG: Online PSO-based fuzzy tuning approach, IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid, 3, 4, pp. 1935–1944 (2012).
(13) R. H. Lasseter, J. H. Eto, B. Schenkman, J. Stevens, H. Vollkommer, D. Klapp, E. Linton, H. Hurtado, J. Roy, CERTS MG laboratory test bed, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 26, 1, pp. 325–332 (2011).
(14) M. Mokhtari, F. Aminifar, D. Nazarpour, S. Golshannavaz, Wide-area power oscillation damping with a fuzzy controller compensating the continuous communication delays, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28, 2, pp. 1997–2005 (2013).
(15) N. Mohsenifari, A. Kargar, N. R. Abjadi, Improved cascade sliding mode for power control in a MG, Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn. – Électrotechn. Et Énerg., 61, 4, pp. 430–435 (2016).
(16) H. Zhao, M. Hong, W. Lin, K. A. Laparo, Voltage and frequency regulation of MG with battery energy storage systems, IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid, 10, 1, pp. 414–424 (2019).
(17) W. Deng, X. Tang, Q. Zhiping, Research on dynamic stability of hybrid wind/PV system based on micro-grid, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), pp. 2627-2632, (2008).
(18) J. W. S. Porco, Q. Shafiee, F. Dörfler, J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero, F. Bullo, Secondary frequency and voltage control of islanded MGs via distributed averaging, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62, 11, pp. 7025–7038 (2015).
(19) C. Chowdary, S. P. Chowdhury, P. Crossley, MGs and Active Distribution Networks, London, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, U. K. – London, 2009, p. 75–211.
(20) I. Y. Chung, W. Liu, D. A. Cartes, K. Schoder, Control parameter optimization for an MG system using particle swarm optimization, International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET), pp. 837–842 (2008).
(21) M. A. Nezhad, H. Bevrani, Frequency control in an islanded hybrid MG using frequency response analysis tools, IET Renewable Power Generation, 12, 2, pp. 227-243, (2018).
(22) T. B. Kumar, M. U, Vani, Load frequency control in two area power system using ANFIS, Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems, 5, pp. 27-35 (2014).
(23) T. A. Jumani, M. W. Mustafa, M. M. Rasid, N. H. Mirjat, Z. H. Leghari, M. S. Saeed, Optimal voltage and frequency control of an islanded microgrid using a grasshopper optimization algorithm, Energies, 11, 11, pp. 3191 (2018).
(24) M. Esmaeili, H. Shayeghi, M. Nooshyar, H. Aryanpour, Design of a new controller for load frequency control of isolated microgrid considering system uncertainties, 9, 3, pp. 285-294 (2018).
(25). S. Rajamand, Effective Control of Voltage and Frequency in Microgrid Using Adjustment of PID Coefficients by Metaheuristic Algorithms, pp. 1–14 (2021).
(26) T. Rajesh, B. Gunapriya, M. Sabarimuthu, S. Karthikkumar, R. Raja, M. Karthik, Frequency control of PV-connected microgrid system using fuzzy logic controller, Materials Today: Proceedings, (2020).
(27) M. H. Khooban, T. Niknam, M. Shasadeghi, T. Dragicevic, F. Blaabjerg, Load frequency control in microgrids based on a stochastic noninteger controller, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 9, 2, pp. 853-861 (2017).
