LOAD ANALYSIS OF A MULTI-MOTOR PROPULSION SYSTEM

Authors

  • CRISTIAN-LIVIU POPESCU National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Romania.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36801/y096d290

Keywords:

EV (electric vehicle), Multi-motor, Torque transfer, Simulation, Efficiency maps, Methods for charging a multi-motor system

Abstract

Managing load from multiple electric motors integrated into a vehicle's propulsion system is a complex problem, primarily involving vehicle stability, particularly when the motors are distributed independently across vehicle axles or wheels. The management of each motor's participation in achieving the traction torque, on the other hand, improves energy efficiency and performance. It is necessary to manage each motor's behavior across the entire operational range, as this contributes to the energy efficiency of the electric powertrain. In this context, the paper aims to present a synthesis of research conducted by the author in this field.

References

(1) L. Popescu, "Electromobility topics entering a new decade", in Electric machines, materials and drives present and trends (SME 2020), APME, vol. 16, nr. 1, pp. 131–140, ian. 2021, retrieved from https://journal.iem.pub.ro/apme/article/view/209, ISSN / ISSN-L: 1843-5912, https://www.doi.org/10.36801/apme.2020.1.13

(2) L. Popescu, L. Dumitran and A. Stanescu, "Multi-motor solutions for electric vehicles," 2021 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE), 2021, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICATE49685.2021.9465016

(3) B. Mokhtari, “Enhancement ripples of a direct torque control applied to a permanent magnet synchronous motor by using a four-level multicellular inverter and a new reduced switching table”, RRST-EE, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 207–212, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.59277/RRST-EE.2024.2.15.

(4) F. Mehedi et al, “Multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor using direct torque adaptive fuzzy controlled”, RRST-EE, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 470–476, Nov. 2025, doi: 10.59277/RRST-EE.2025.4.8.,

(5) N. Ali et al. “Comparison of the various controls of the switched reluctance motor 12/8”, RRST-EE, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 52–57, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.59277/RRST-EE.2023.68.1.9.

(6) L. Popescu, A. Stănescu, "Efficiency maps for an EV BLDC motor using analytic calculation and simulation", in Electric machines, materials and drives present and trends (SME 2022), APME, vol. 18, nr. 1, pp. 89-99, March. 2023, https://journal.iem.pub.ro/apme/article/view/352

(7) C.L. Popescu, L. Dumitran, A. Stănescu " Simulation of Multi-Motor Propulsion System for Energy Efficiency in Electric Vehicles" in Annals of the University of Craiova, Electrical Engineering series, No. 45, Issue 1, 2021, published the 21st of January 2022; pp 75-82; ISSN 1842-4805, ISSN 1842-4805, doi: 10.52846/AUCEE.2021.1.11

(8) L. Popescu, L. Melcescu, L. Dumitran, A. Crăciunescu, A. Stănescu, "Control Analysis of a Bi-motor Electric Traction System for Energy and Performance Optimization", AIP Conference Proceedings at International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems - CIEES 2021, November 25 – 27, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0099663

(9) L. Popescu, O. Craiu and L. Melcescu, "Analyzing the Torque Transfer between Two In-Wheel Motors of an Electric Vehicle," 2023 13th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE), Bucharest, Romania, 2023, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ATEE58038.2023.10108365.

(10) L. Popescu, L. Melcescu, L. Dumitran, and A. Crăciunescu, " Analysis of the influence of wheel torque distribution on energy efficiency in the case of an electric vehicle with two motors" [abstract], in Proceedings book of 1st Internatıonal Conference on Applıed Engıneerıng and Natural Scıences (ICAENS), 1-3 November 2021, Konya, Turkey pp. 300

(11) L. Popescu, O. Craiu, "Energy Consumption Analysis for an EV Powertrain using Three BLDC Identical Motors", Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn.– Électrotechn. et Énerg., Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 152–157, Bucharest, 2023, https://doi.org/10.59277/RRST-EE.2023.68.2.6.

(12) L. Popescu, L. Melcescu, O. Craiu, A. Craciunescu, and V. Bostan, "Phase Advance and Dwell Control Applied to a PM BLDC Motor for Increasing the Maximum Speed of an Electric Vehicle," 2022 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), 2022, pp. 850-855, doi: 10.1109/SPEEDAM53979.2022.9841974.

(13) L. Popescu, L. Melcescu, and O. Craiu, "Energy Efficiency Improvement for an Electric Vehicle PM BLDC Propulsion System Using Phase Advance and Dwell Control," 2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME), 2022, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICECCME55909.2022.9988388.

(14) L. Popescu, A. Crăciunescu, O. Craiu, "Analysis of the Wheel Steering Influence on Energy Consumption of an EV PMSM In-wheel Propulsion System", In: Moldovan, L., Gligor, A. (eds) The 17th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering. Inter-ENG 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 929, pp 235-255, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54674-7_19

(15) L. Popescu, A. Stănescu, Şt. Vasiliu, "Didactical platform for multi-motor solutions", in Electric machines, materials and drives present and trends (SME 2021), APME, vol. 17, nr. 1, pp. 172–181, Jan. 2022, https://journal.iem.pub.ro/apme/article/view/131.

(16) L. Popescu, A. Stănescu, Şt. Vasiliu, "Electric vehicle performance analysis using multi-motor propulsion system", in Electric machines, materials and drives present and trends (SME 2023), published in APME, vol. 19, nr. 1, pp. 74-83, Feb. 2024, https://journal.iem.pub.ro/apme/article/view/653.

Published

09.02.2026

Issue

Section

ELECTRIC VEHICLES

How to Cite

LOAD ANALYSIS OF A MULTI-MOTOR PROPULSION SYSTEM. (2026). ELECTRICAL MACHINES, MATERIALS AND DRIVES — PRESENT AND TRENDS, 21(1), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.36801/y096d290