MAIN ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS OF AN ASSAULT RIFLE WITH ADAPTIVE MECHANISM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59277/RRST-EE.2023.68.1.6Keywords:
Linear direct current actuator, Electronic controller, Cooking-off the gun, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, Ferromagnetic circuit, Numerical analysisAbstract
This paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a bistable direct current actuator and its electronic control system. Regarding the working principle, the bistable linear actuator is like an electromagnet with two air gaps. The difference between the newly proposed linear actuator and a classical electromagnet is the usage of two Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets to maintain the mobile core in two holding positions. Also, a specially designed electronic control system was developed. This paper aims to explain the actuator’s working principle and its novel electronic control system advantages. This equipment is used in an assault rifle to limit the self-initiation of the cartridge due to barrel heating without the operator pulling the weapon’s trigger. The proposed bistable direct current actuator ensures a short time switching between its two holding positions. The electronic controller measures the temperature of the weapon's barrel with a thermocouple and applies a voltage on the coils to switch between the two holding positions of the actuator. The actuator was developed and analyzed using the FEMM package, and the mechanical parameters were computed with MATLAB. The electronic driver was developed with PCB design software, and the working principle was validated with a circuit analysis program.
References
(1) H. Isık, F. Göktas, Cook-off analysis of a propellant in a 7.62 mm barrel by experimental and numerical methods, Applied Thermal Engineering, Elsevier (2016).
(2) A. Rotariu L. Matache, F. Bucur, M Cirmaci-Matei, M. Mărmureanu, E. Trană, Implementation of a Gumbel distribution function in interior ballistic calculations for deterred propellants, UPB Scientific Bulletin., Series B, 82, 1 (2020).
(3) AC/225(DSS)D(2018)0006, Evaluation procedures for future NATO small arms weapon systems (NATO D/14 Handbook), Land Capability Group Dismounted Soldier System (LCGDSS), NATO Army Armaments Group (NAAG) (November 2018).
(4) R.D. Plumer, S. Barbara, H. Shrout, Manual open- and closed-bolt weapon fire control with automatic heat responsive override, Patent Ser. No. 8449826, U.S. / 09.11. 1971.
(5) ***https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/80/c6/54/858b 414c8e d074/US7806039.pdf
(6) ***https://defensereview.com/fn-hamr-heat-adaptive-modular-rifle-introduced -at-ausa-2010-fn-scar-meets-iar-infantry-automatic-rifle-fn-mk16-scar-l-goes-open-bolt-for-full-auto/
(7) D. Nicolescu, A. Radulian, M. Maricaru, S. Prică, High force heavy duty direct current actuator, Revue Roumaine Des Sciences Techniques, Serie Électrotechnique et Énergétique, 66, 1, pp. 139–143, Bucarest (2021).
(8) D. Meeker, Finite Element Method Magnetics – Version 3.1 – FEMM 4.2 Manual (2002).
(9) D. Meeker, Finite Element Method Magnetics – Version 4.2 – User’s Manual, 2018.
(10) A. Radulian, M. Maricaru, I.V. Nemoianu, R. Creţu, New solution of linear dc actuator with additional permanent magnets: working principle, design, and testing, Revue Roumaine Des Sciences Techniques, Serie Électrotechnique et Énergétique, 62, 1, pp. 3-7, Bucarest (2017).
(11) A. Radulian, N. Mocioi, Numerical Modelling of an Electromagnetic Actuator for Vacuum Contactors, International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering – EPE 2014, IEEE, Iasi, Romania, pp. 204 – 209 (16-18 Oct. 2014).
(12) A.M. Chaly, O. I. Chervinskyi, V.N. Poluyanov, New generation of vacuum circuit breakers with monostable magnetic actuator, 18th International Conference on Electricity Distribution, Turin (6-9 June 2005).
(13) Y. Yoo, D.K. Kim, B. Kwon, Optimal design of a permanent magnetic actuator for vacuum circuit breaker using FEM, Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 1, 1, pp. 92–97 (2006).
A. Radulian, Electromagnet in hybrid construction with excitation coil and permanent magnet, Patent No. RO 129746 / 29.11.2019
