RECHERCHES ACTUELLES SUR LES RESSORTS MAGNÉTIQUES À RIGIDITÉ VARIABLE
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.59277/RRST-EE.2026.1.3Mots-clés :
Ressort magnétique, Ressort électromagnétique, Rigidité variable, Rigidité quasi nulle, Actionnement élastiqueRésumé
Cet article présente une synthèse des recherches menées sur les ressorts magnétiques à rigidité variable, susceptibles de servir de base à l'obtention de configurations de systèmes électromécaniques dont le fonctionnement nécessite des forces élastiques préétablies, fixes ou ajustables en temps réel, telles que l'amortissement des vibrations, les robots humanoïdes et la rééducation médicale. L'étude et la systématisation des recherches connues à ce jour mettent en évidence les concepts de base et les caractéristiques spécifiques des deux principales catégories de ressorts magnétiques à rigidité variable, à savoir les ressorts magnétiques passifs à rigidité prédéterminée à une valeur souhaitée (ASMS) et les ressorts magnétiques actifs à rigidité ajustable en temps réel (CSEMS). L'étude souligne que les CSEMS qui génèrent une rigidité variable sur une très large gamme, de -9800 N/m à +9800 N/m, peuvent être obtenus, ce qui les rend très utiles dans la conception et la construction de systèmes de contrôle de processus rapides, tels que les systèmes d'isolation des vibrations à rigidité quasi nulle (QZS).
Références
(1) Y. Madi, A. Dendouga, and D. Aouzelagg, Predictive direct power control of neutral-point clamped converter in wind turbine system with dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator, Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn. – Électrotechn. et Énerg., 70, 3, pp. 319–324 (2025).
(2) R. Elumalai and R. Varadhan, Power duality evolution for wind energy conversion systems using embedded Z-source inverter and permanent magnet synchronous generator, Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn. – Électrotechn. et Énerg., 70, 4, pp. 459–464 (2025).
(3) D.S. Nicolescu, A. Radulian, C.G. Saracin, and M. Maricaru, New solution of high linear actuator with permanent magnets, Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn. – Électrotechn. et Énerg., 69, 2, pp. 165–170 (2024).
(4) R. Olaru, R. Gherca, and C. Petrescu, Analysis and design of a vibration energy harvester using permanent magnets, Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn. – Électrotechn. et Énerg., 59, 2, pp. 131–140 (2014).
(5) N. Yu, X. Fei, C. Wu, and B. Yan, Modeling and analysis of magnetic spring enhanced lever-type electromagnetic energy harvesters, Appl. Math. – Engl. Ed., 43, 5, pp. 743–760 (2022).
(6) W. Wang, H. Wei, and Z.H. Wei, Numerical analysis of a magnetic spring-based piecewise nonlinear electromagnetic energy harvester, European Physical Journal Plus, 137, pp. 56 (2022).
(7) M.E. Hossain and J.Z. Bird, Investigating the Performance of a variable stiffness magnetic spring for resonant ocean power generation, In Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 5002–5008 (2019).
(8) N. Gori et al., Design and optimization of a permanent magnet-based spring–damper system, Actuators, 12, 7, pp. 291 (2023).
(9) J. Snamina and P. Habel, Magnetic spring as the element of vibration reduction system, Mechanics and Control, 29, 1, pp. 40–44 (2010).
(10) B. Yan, N. Yu, and C. Wu, A state-of-the-art review on low-frequency nonlinear vibration isolation with electromagnetic mechanisms, Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 43, 7, pp. 1045–1062 (2022).
(11) X. Chen, J. Zhao, Y. Jing, X. Cao, S. Yuan, J. Luo, and H. Pu, A novel permanent magnet vibration isolator with wide stiffness range and high bearing capacity, Mechatronics, 98, pp. 103119 (2024).
(12) J. Xu, X. Yang, W. Li, J. Zheng, Y. Wang, and M. Fan, Research on semi-active vibration isolation system based on electromagnetic spring, Mechanics & Industry, 21, pp. 101 (2020).
(13) R. Olaru, M.M. Mihai, B. Gîrtan, C. Petrescu, and A. Arcire, Design and experiment of an electromagnetic vibrational inertial actuator using linearized magnetic spring, Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn. – Électrotechn. et Énerg., 63, 3, pp. 253–258 (2018).
(14) F. Poltschak and P. Ebetshuber, Design of integrated magnetic springs for linear oscillatory actuators, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54, pp. 2185–2192 (2018).
(15) Z. Jiao, T. Wang, and L. Yan, Design and analysis of linear oscillating motor for linear pump application - magnetic field, dynamics, and thermotics, Front. Mech. Eng., 11, 4, pp. 351–362 (2016).
(16) A. Kanj, R.P.T. Gaurav Bahl, and S. Tawfick, Design, dynamics, and dissipation of a torsional-magnetic spring mechanism, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 179, pp. 109307 (2022).
(17) M.W. Hyun, K. Choi et al., Optimal design of a variable stiffness joint using permanent magnets, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43, 6, pp. 2710–2712 (2007).
(18) J. Choi, S. Park, W. Lee, and S.C. Kang, Design of a robot joint with variable stiffness, In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1760–1765 (2008).
(19) A.H. Memar and E.T. Esfahani, A robot gripper with variable stiffness actuation for enhancing collision safety, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 67, 8, pp. 6607–6616 (2020).
(20) A. Sudano, D. Accoto, L. Zollo, and E. Guglielmelli, Design, development and scaling analysis of a variable stiffness magnetic torsion spring, International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 10, pp. 372 (2013).
(21) R.M. Alexander, Three uses for springs in legged locomotion, International Journal of Robotics Research, 9, 2, pp. 53–61 (1990).
(22) G.A. Pratt and M.M. Williamson, Series elastic actuators, In Proc. 1995 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 95). Human Robot Interaction and Cooperative Robots, pp. 399–406 (1995).
(23) R. Furnémont et al., Bi-directional series-parallel elastic actuator and overlap of the actuation layers, Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 11, pp. 016005 (2016).
(24) D. Paluska and H. Herr, The effect of series elasticity on actuator power and work output: Implications for robotic and prosthetic joint design, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 54, 8, pp. 667–673 (2006).
(25) B. Vanderborght et al., Exploiting natural dynamics to reduce energy consumption by controlling the compliance of soft actuators, International Journal of Robotics Research, 25, 4, pp. 343–358 (2006).
(26) U. Mettin, P.X. La Hera, L.B. Freidovich, and A.S. Shiriaev, Parallel elastic actuators as a control tool for preplanned trajectories of underactuated mechanical systems, International Journal of Robotics Research, 29, 9, pp. 1186–1198 (2010).
(27) F. Zhang et al., A new high-static-low-dynamic stiffness vibration isolator based on magnetic negative stiffness mechanism employing variable reluctance stress, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 476, pp. 115322 (2020).
(28) S. Yuan, Y. Sun, J. Zhao, K. Meng, M. Wang, H. Pu, Y. Peng, J. Luo, and S. Xie, A tunable quasi-zero stiffness isolator based on a linear electromagnetic spring, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 482, pp. 115449 (2020).
(29) N.A. Kamaruzaman, W.S.P. Robertson, M.H. Ghayesh, B.S. Cazzalato, and A.C. Zander, Improving passive stability of a planar quasi-zero stiffness magnetic levitation system via lever arm, In Proc. IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG) (2018).
(30) M.E. Hossain and J.Z. Bird, Analysis and experimental testing of a new type of variable stiffness magnetic spring with a linear stroke length, In Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 5961–5965 (2021).
(31) D. Che, J.Z. Bird, A. Hagmüller, and M.E. Hossain, An adjustable stiffness torsional magnetic spring with a linear stroke length, In Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 5944–5948 (2021).
(32) H. Pu et al., Multi-layer electromagnetic spring with tunable negative stiffness for semi-active vibration isolation, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 121, pp. 942–960 (2019).
(33) X. Xu and C. Zeng, Magnetic spring and experimental research on its stiffness properties, Advanced Materials Research, 706-708, pp. 1418–1422 (2013).
(34) R. Olaru and C. Petrescu, Magnetic spring with controllable elastic forces, RO Patent no. 134250 (2018).
(35) R. Olaru, C. Petrescu, and A. Arcire, Design of a magnetic spring for variable stiffness actuators, Proceedings of the Romanian Academy, Series A, 22, 3, pp. 235–243 (2021).
Téléchargements
Publiée
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
(c) Copyright REVUE ROUMAINE DES SCIENCES TECHNIQUES — SÉRIE ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE ET ÉNERGÉTIQUE 2026
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
