DIAGNOSTIC DES DÉFAUTS DE ROULEMENTS DE MOTEUR À INDUCTION PAR UNE MÉTHODE DE KURTOGRAMME AMÉLIORÉE
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.59277/RRST-EE.2026.2.7Mots-clés :
Moteur à induction, Courant statorique, Roulement à billes, Diagnostic de pannes, Kurtosis spectrale, KurtogrammeRésumé
Il est bien connu que la bague extérieure des roulements à billes utilisés dans les moteurs à induction est la pièce la plus sujette aux défaillances, ce qui entraîne, dans la plupart des cas, l'arrêt complet du processus industriel. De plus, le diagnostic précoce de ce défaut est essentiel pour améliorer la fiabilité de ces moteurs et éviter des pertes financières considérables. À cette fin, la démodulation de l'enveloppe du courant statorique constitue une approche diagnostique prometteuse, permettant l'extraction directe de la signature du défaut, indépendamment de la fréquence fondamentale. Par ailleurs, le kurtogramme, un outil statistique d'analyse spectrale du 4e ordre, permet d'extraire la signature des défauts recherchés, même en présence de signaux non stationnaires. L'objectif de cet article est donc de présenter une étude comparative de deux algorithmes de calcul basés sur le kurtogramme : le kurtogramme rapide et le kurtogramme par ondelettes. Les résultats expérimentaux issus de l'analyse spectrale du courant statorique démontrent la supériorité du kurtogramme par ondelettes par rapport au kurtogramme rapide pour la détection et la localisation du défaut de la bague extérieure.
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