EVOLUTION OF MARITIME TECHNOLOGY: ADVANCEMENTS IN SHIP DESIGN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59277/CLC.2024.41Keywords:
Maritime evolution, Ship design, Propulsion systems, Constructal law, Energy efficiencyAbstract
The evolution of ships has occurred through significant improvements in their design, materials, propulsion systems, size, navigation, and military capabilities. Ships were first built using simple, flat wooden hulls and were only suited for traveling short distances. Hull designs gained sophistication over time, taking on curved lines and later being built from steel and other composite materials that would improve their durability and efficiency. As for ship propulsion systems, these were initially powered by humans or the wind before evolving to steam engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, and nuclear power, vastly increasing their speed, range, and reliability. Ship size has also drastically improved, with modern supertankers and container ships now capable of transporting enormous loads across oceans. Developments in navigation technology, including the invention of radar, sonar, and GPS, have greatly improved marine safety and positional accuracy. Meanwhile, modern naval vessels now possess advanced defense systems, electronic warfare capabilities, and missile technologies. The drive toward sustainable practices have led to the adoption of green technologies such as hybrid engines and renewable energy and the adoption of more environmentally friendly ships. Ongoing innovations regarding maritime technology are reflected in these advancements and are helping shape the future of global shipping.
References
(1) Papanikolaou A., Ship design: Methodologies of Preliminary Design, New York, Springer, 2014.
(2) Birk L., Fundamentals of ship hydrodynamics: fluid mechanics, ship resistance and propulsion, 1st ed., Wiley, 2019.
(3) Smith T., The Handbook of Iron Shipbuilding, Legare Street Press, 2023.
(4) Shenoi R.A., Wellicome J.F., Composite Materials in Maritime Structures, Volume 1: Fundamental Aspects, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
(5) Gunes U., Çetki̇n E., Şahi̇n B., Gemi sevk gücü ve isi transferinin yapisal gelişim teorisi ile i̇lişkisi, Gemi ve Deniz Teknolojisi, no. 222, Art. no. 222, Jan. 2023.
(6) Holmes S.G.C.V., Ancient and Modern Ships, Anboco, 2016.
(7) Bejan A., Ferber L., Lorente S., Convergent Evolution of Boats with Sails, Scientific Reports, 10, 1, Art. no. 1 (2020).
(8) Souza D. J., The Persistence of Sail in the Age of Steam: Underwater Archaeological Evidence from the Dry Tortugas, Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
(9) Molland A.F., The Maritime Engineering Reference Book: A Guide to Ship Design, Construction and Operation, Elsevier, 2011.
(10) Molland A.F., Turnock S.R., Hudson D.A., Ship resistance and propulsion: practical estimation of ship propulsive power, 2nd ed. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
(11) ***Casual Navigation, What is the BULBOUS BOW for? (May 11, 2018). Accessed: Aug. 18, 2024. [Online Video]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FrCusDG41U
(12) Darwin J., Unlocking the World: Port Cities and Globalization in the Age of Steam, 1830–1930, Penguin UK, 2020.
(13) Grove E., The Future of Sea Power, Taylor & Francis, 2021.
(14) Schank J.F., Sustaining U.S. Nuclear Submarine Design Capabilities, Rand Corporation, 2007.
(15) Ölçer A.I., Kitada M., Dalaklis D., Ballini F., Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management, Springer, 2018.
(16) Barker R., The Rise of an Early Modern Shipping Industry: Whitby’s Golden Fleet, 1600–1750, Boydell Press, 2011.
(17) ***Anonymous, An Account of The Great Eastern, the Largest Steamship in the World [microform]: Belonging to the Eastern Steam Navigation Company, Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.
(18) Bejan A., Gunes U., Sahin B., The evolution of air and maritime transport, Applied Physics Reviews, 6, 2, p. 021319 (2019).
(19) *** Improving the energy efficiency of ships. Accessed: Aug. 18, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/ Environment/Pages/Improving%20the%20energy%20efficiency%20of%20ships.aspx
(20. Jimenez V.J., Kim H., Munim Z.H., A review of ship energy efficiency research and directions towards emission reduction in the maritime industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 366, p. 132888 (2022).
